Parent Involvement and Educational Outcomes

Parent Involvement and Educational Outcomes There is a continuously increasing population that lives in abject poverty. Poverty entails pulling through life with very limited resources. The resources may range from financial, psychological, spiritual, security, and physical materials, for example lack of proper housing. I choose to address an article by Misty Locour and Laura Tissington from South Arkansas University. The article is entitled The Effect of Poverty on Child Education.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Parent Involvement and Educational Outcomes specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The two scholars start by observing that poverty or low income has a negative impact on the student’s academic performance (Misty, Tissington, 2011). The family is a moving system meaning that it copes with changes that come along, but in the process relevantly maintain a stable positive effect on the children’s academic performance. Too much expectations infl uence the student’s learning outcome, which in turn devastatingly affect parents. Family involvement in education needs entails a more comprehensive participation with educators having knowledge of family background. Poverty or low income is attributed to many things among them family type for example, blended families, single parent families, mother’s education level, and source of income. Misty and Laura note that there is a big gap in achievement among students from varied income backgrounds. Low socioeconomic status affects the chances of students performing well and their capability to complete schooling. Statistics indicate that students from poor families score less than twenty percentile in tests. Those from middle-income homes get an average of forty-five percentile whereas those from upper income backgrounds score a high percentile of seventy. The two scholars have also identified the source of income as a major poor performance. They note that welfare childr en, meaning those under The Aid to families with Dependent Children program (AFCD), perform poorly compared to those depending on income from other sources. They observe that aid works towards the student’s poor underperformance. The children on welfare programs are twice likely to perform poorly than those on other programs. The students who benefit from the welfare on short durations rank high on performance than those who are long-term beneficiaries.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More This, the two scholars claim, is a clear indicator that aid affects the academic performance negatively. They further assert that aid is a medium through which laziness is created. The parents involved are most certainly people working in various industries or organizations. Since the food materials are already in supply, there would be no cause for working extra hard. The society in whi ch aid is provided lacks role models to provide intellectual motivation (Amatea, 2012). Misty and Laura discuss the level of education of the mother as being another cause of poor performance among students. They aver that this is very significant because it touches on adolescents. The level of education of the mother has more effects than the father’s level of education. This is associated with the closeness that mothers have with children. The presence of the mother serves to increase the supply of reading materials in the house, fostering family beliefs, and values Families with increased income has an increased number of children in early child education. This therefore according to Misty and Laura means that poor families and communities do not give education due attention. This creates strenuous working relationships between the educators and students. This is mainly in areas involving student’s actions versus instructions from teachers. References Amatea, E. (20 12). Building Culturally Responsive Family-School Relationships. New York: Pearson Learning Solutions. Misty, L., Tissington, L. (2011). The effects of poverty on academic achievement. Educational Research and Reviews, 6(7), 522-527.

Joseph E. Johnston in the American Civil War

Joseph E. Johnston in the American Civil War Joseph Eggleston Johnston was born February 3, 1807, near Farmville, VA. The son of Judge Peter Johnston and his wife Mary, he was named for Major Joseph Eggleston, his fathers commanding officer during the American Revolution. Johnston was also related to Governor Patrick Henry through his mothers family. In 1811, he moved with his family to Abingdon near the Tennessee border in southwestern Virginia.   Educated locally, Johnston was accepted to West Point in 1825 after being nominated by Secretary of War John C. Calhoun. A member of the same class as Robert E. Lee, he was a good student and graduated in 1829 ranked 13 of 46. Commissioned as a second lieutenant, Johnston received an assignment to the 4th US Artillery. In March 1837, he left the army to begin studying civil engineering. Antebellum Career Later that year, Johnston joined a surveying expedition to Florida as a civilian topographical engineer. Led by Lieutenant William Pope McArthur, the group arrived during the Second Seminole War. On January 18, 1838, they were attacked by the Seminoles while ashore at Jupiter, FL. In the fighting, Johnston was grazed in the scalp and McArthur wounded in the legs. He later claimed that there were no less than 30 bullet holes in his clothing. Following the incident, Johnston decided to rejoin the US Army and traveled to Washington, DC that April. Appointed a first lieutenant of topographical engineers on July 7, he was immediately brevetted to captain for his actions at Jupiter. In 1841, Johnston moved south to take part in surveying the Texas-Mexico border. Four years later, he married Lydia Mulligan Sims McLane, the daughter of Louis McLane, president of the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad and prominent former politician. Though married until her death in 1887, the couple never had children. A year after Johnstons wedding, he was called into action with the outbreak of the Mexican-American War. Serving with Major General Winfield Scotts army in 1847, Johnston took part in the campaign against Mexico City. Initially part of Scotts staff, he later served as second in command of a regiment of light infantry. While in this role, he earned praise for his performance during the Battles of Contreras and Churubusco. During the campaign, Johnston was twice brevetted for bravery, reaching the rank of lieutenant colonel, as well as was severely wounded by grape shot at the Battle of Cerro Gordo and was hit again at Chapultepec. Interwar Years Returning to Texas after the conflict, Johnston served as the chief topographical engineer of the Department of Texas from 1848 to 1853. During this time, he commenced writing Secretary of War Jefferson Davis a series of letters requesting a transfer back to an active regiment and arguing over his brevet ranks from war. These requests were largely declined though Davis did have Johnston appointed lieutenant colonel of the newly-formed 1st US Cavalry at Fort Leavenworth, KS in 1855. Serving under Colonel Edwin V. Sumner, he took part in campaigns against the Sioux and helped to quell the Bleeding Kansas crisis. Ordered to Jefferson Barracks, MO in 1856, Johnston took part in expeditions to survey the borders of Kansas.    The Civil War After service in California, Johnston was promoted to brigadier general and made Quartermaster General of the US Army on June 28, 1860. With the beginning of the Civil War in April 1861 and secession of his native Virginia, Johnston resigned from the US Army. The highest ranking officer to leave the US Army for the Confederacy, Johnston initially was appointed a major general in the Virginia militia before accepting a commission as a brigadier general in the Confederate Army on May 14. Dispatched to Harpers Ferry, he took command of troops that had been gathering under the command of Colonel Thomas Jackson. Dubbed the Army of the Shenandoah, Johnstons command rushed east that July to aid Brigadier General P.G.T. Beauregards Army of the Potomac during the First Battle of Bull Run. Arriving on the field, Johnstons men helped turn the tide of the fighting and secured a Confederate victory. In the weeks after the battle he aided in designing the famed Confederate battle flag before receiving a promotion to general in August. Though his promotion was backdated to July 4, Johnston was angered that he was junior to Samuel Cooper, Albert Sidney Johnston, and Lee. The Peninsula As the highest ranking officer to leave the US Army, Johnston firmly believed he should have been the senior officer in the Confederate Army. Arguments with now Confederate President Jefferson Davis over this point further soured their relationship and the two men effectively became enemies for the remainder of the conflict. Placed in command of the Army of the Potomac (later Army of Northern Virginia), Johnston moved south in the spring of 1862 to deal with Major General George McClellans Peninsula Campaign. Initially blocking Union forces at Yorktown and fighting at Williamsburg, Johnston began a slow withdrawal west. Nearing Richmond, he was forced to make a stand and attacked the Union army at Seven Pines on May 31. Though he halted McClellans advance, Johnston was badly wounded in the shoulder and chest. Taken to the rear to recover, command of the army was given to Lee. Criticized for giving ground before Richmond, Johnston was one of a few who had immediately recognized that the Confederacy lacked the material and manpower of the Union and he worked to protect these limited assets. As a result, his frequently surrendered ground while seeking to protect his army and find advantageous positions from which to fight. In the West Recovering from his wounds, Johnston was given command of the Department of the West. From this position, he oversaw the actions of General Braxton Braggs Army of Tennessee and Lieutenant General John Pembertons command at Vicksburg. With Major General Ulysses S. Grant campaigning against Vicksburg, Johnston desired Pemberton to unite with him so that their combined force could defeat the Union army. This was blocked by Davis who desired Pemberton to stay within the Vicksburg defenses. Lacking the men to challenge Grant, Johnston was forced to evacuate Jackson, MS allowing the city to be taken and burned. With Grant besieging Vicksburg, Johnston returned to Jackson and worked to build a relief force. Departing for Vicksburg in early July, he learned that the city had capitulated on the Fourth of July. Falling back to Jackson, he was driven from the city later that month by Major General William T. Sherman. That fall, following his defeat at the Battle of Chattanooga, Bragg asked to be relieved. Reluctantly, Davis appointed Johnston to command the Army of Tennessee in December. Assuming command, Johnston came under pressure from Davis to attack Chattanooga, but was unable to so because of a lack of supplies. The Atlanta Campaign Anticipating that Shermans Union forces at Chattanooga would move against Atlanta in the spring, Johnston built a strong defensive position at Dalton, GA. When Sherman began advancing in May, he avoided direct assaults on the Confederate defenses and instead began a series of turning maneuvers which forced Johnston to abandon position after position. Giving up space for time, Johnston fought a series of small battles at places such as Resaca and New Hope Church. On June 27, he succeeded in halting a major Union assault at Kennesaw Mountain, but again saw Sherman move around his flank. Angered by a perceived lack of aggression, Davis controversially replaced Johnston on July 17 with General John Bell Hood. Hyper-aggressive, Hood repeatedly attacked Sherman but lost Atlanta that September. Final Campaigns With Confederate fortunes flagging in early 1865, Davis was pressured to give the popular Johnston a new command. Appointed to lead the Department of South Carolina, Georgia, and Florida, and also the Department of North Carolina and Southern Virginia, he possessed few troops with which to block Shermans advance north from Savannah. In late March, Johnston surprised part of Shermans army at the Battle of Bentonville, but was ultimately forced to withdraw. Learning of Lees surrender at Appomattox on April 9, Johnston began surrender talks with Sherman at Bennett Place, NC. After extensive negotiations, Johnston surrendered the nearly 90,000 troops in his departments on April 26. After the surrender, Sherman gave Johnstons starving men ten days rations, a gesture that the Confederate commander never forgot. Later Years Following the war, Johnston settled in Savannah, GA and pursued a variety of business interests. Returning to Virginia in 1877, he served one term in Congress (1879-1881) and was later commissioner of railroads in the Cleveland Administration. Critical of his fellow Confederate generals, he served as a pallbearer at Shermans funeral on February 19, 1891. Despite cold and rainy weather, he refused to wear a hat as a sign of respect for his fallen adversary and caught pneumonia. After several weeks of battling the sickness, he died on March 21. Johnston was buried at Green Mount Cemetery in Baltimore, MD.

State Development Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

State Development - Assignment Example State can be and has been the key agent in development The concept of development has been used in different contexts over the course of time. It is often used for positive expressions pertaining to ‘good change’ or ‘progress’. However these two terms in themselves are intricate and need to be thoroughly understood. Refining it further, development may also be availed in the context of being a vision, a historical process of change in society and finally as an intentional process influenced by agencies and government. The aspect of change deliberates that development is a process. Development is a broad terminology and encompasses various subjects and may be used in diverse contexts but here we concentrate our meaning more towards the development of societies and individuals within societies. This process of development is influenced by an amalgamation of both social and political factors. What is more important to understand is that this process of change e ntails a wholesome approach, pertaining to a desirable change that occurs at all levels and is not confined to improvement in one aspect alone. It also goes a step further in that this process is continuous in nature and sustains by regular evaluations and a self-building practice. The smallest unit of this web starts at the level of an individual, while encompassing the society at large, simultaneously. It is individuals that ultimately make up a society. Therefore, change at a large scale is the reflection of change taking place at the smallest of levels. Hence, change in the thought process of an individual, their means of interaction; strategies that they use for making livelihood and their perception of themselves are what form the fundamentals of this change. This brings the fact that development entails both negative as well as positive features. Altogether, what one can at least decipher from this is that development is a product of multiple raw materials and hence can be sp oken of in multiple contexts. When speaking of development and capitalism working together two forms of development must be stressed upon namely; immanent and intentional development. The former states that development is inherently a process of self-building and growth occurring from within, without the influence of any extrinsic factors like policies. The latter, on the other hand involves the influence of policies and state agencies in giving rise to development. If we look at the start of the 19th century we realize that by its beginning capitalism had advanced into being a market society finally culminating into a global process. While when talking of development in the view of state the concept changes into being one that can be measured and analyzed statistically, hence more objectively. Therefore a developed society in this context is one that is modern and industrialized and not just rich in wealth but also one that is becoming economically stronger and striving towards gro wth and improvisation. This entails that GNP per capita is not only high but is always on the rise. This entails a set of characteristics which are mentioned as follows; the use of scientific knowledge, and its application rather than using traditional techniques. Another way of gauging the industrial development is by transition from olden subsistence farming to the commercial production of goods. Third is the evolution from the use of animal and plant power to the application of machines and last is the migration of individuals from villages to urban centers (Smelser 1968, pg126). Hence when we reflect upon the western industrialized countries what we realize is that they have undergone a process of development in their economy coupled with growth. The former includes an improved and augmented capacity and output while the latter implies an increasing GNP or GDP. This results in a higher income per capita. This modernization influences aspects relating to the quality of life by

Intrastate semitruck transportation in Michigan Research Paper

Intrastate semitruck transportation in Michigan - Research Paper Example For instance, the construction data for the last semester of year 2009 showed Michigan to have experienced declines in the double-digits (-16.8%) which was reflected in the -6.4% decline of combined trade, transportation and utilities sector (www.bls.gov. 5 February 2010). A related industry to transportation and quarrying is mining and logging which also declined but this decelerated somewhat to only -6.3% over a 12-month period. All the above economic data pertain to number of jobs (in thousands, seasonally adjusted). What is more worrisome is the unemployment rate in state of Michigan which hovers around 15% (actually 14.6%) which is way above the national average of only 10%. But this is only the local picture for the state itself but there are many other issues to look at such as labor conditions, hiring patterns, economic competitiveness, safety, security, congestion, overall mobility, environmental impact and energy efficiency. Other than the economic factors that impinge on the industry, the one factor that has the greatest impact is deregulation. This is one factor more than interest rates or overall state of the economy that affects the industry. The entire US trucking industry is a $200 billion business and is highly fragmented. It means the 50 largest companies account for less than 30% of total industry revenues, unlike in other industries where there is an oligopoly or a high concentration of big players such as in the accounting industry (only 4 big players that can dictate prices). Economists call this as C4 or an industry where only 4 big players control more than 60% like US auto manufacturing or the oil industry. In short, the US trucking industry is over-saturated and lacks the necessary bargaining power with regards to customers and pricing. If we use Porters Five Forces Model then the trucking industry has very weak market power indeed. Of the five

George Orwells Nineteen Eighty-Four 1984 Essay -- essays research pa

Winston Smith is a low-ranking member of the ruling Party in London, in the nation of Oceania. Everywhere Winston goes, even his own home, the Party watches him through telescreens; everywhere he looks he sees the face of the Party's seemingly omniscient leader, a figure known only as Big Brother. The Party controls everything in Oceania, even the people's history and language. Currently, the Party is forcing the implementation of an invented language called Newspeak, which attempts to prevent political rebellion by eliminating all words related to it. Even thinking rebellious thoughts is illegal. Such thoughtcrime is, in fact, the worst of all crimes. As the novel opens, Winston feels frustrated by the oppression and rigid control of the Party, which prohibits free thought, sex, and any expression of individuality. Winston dislikes the party and has illegally purchased a diary in which to write his criminal thoughts. He has also become fixated on a powerful Party member named O'Brien, whom Winston believes is a secret member of the Brotherhood—the mysterious, legendary group that works to overthrow the Party. Winston works in the Ministry of Truth, where he alters historical records to fit the needs of the Party. He notices a coworker, a beautiful dark-haired girl, staring at him, and worries that she is an informant who will turn him in for his thoughtcrime. He is troubled by the Party's control of history: the Party claims that Oceania has always been allied with Eastasia...

From a reading of Hardy’s short stories, discuss how Hardy brings out the aspects of Victorian society in ‘The Withered Arm’ and ‘The Son’s Veto’

A6. Thomas Hardy lived during the Victorian period and he loved from 1840-1928. He was a famous novelist and poet but his points were not liked by the people in the year of 1840. Thomas Hardy was known as a Novelist and his stories crossed the modern and Victorian age. Thomas Hardy also lived in the middle class family and was born in Dorset a tiny village in the south west of England. Also, he used the locality of Dorset in his stories. He was the person who felt men were bond servants of chance and that they played an important role on our lives. In both the short stories, ‘The Withered Arm' and ‘The Son's Veto', he used a lot of description which was one of the other reasons why he was so popular. This is because his innate gift of description expressed someone or something in the deepest form which could actually help the reader picture the person or something clearly. First of all in both the short stories, ‘The Withered Arm' and ‘The Son's Veto' we see clearly that marriages could only happen between two people of the same class and that it could only be between social equals and this is one of the aspects that society judged a person on. Also, in both the short stories written by Thomas Hardy the level of your class in society determined the respect one would get. In ‘Withered Arm', the case was that Farmer Lodge was of a lower class, and when he came up in his class in society, he married Gertrude who too was of a high class and was a lady. Here, Farmer Lodge stepped out of his original class and wanted to be exactly look a person of a higher class which is why he left Rhoda Brook who was of the lower class, although she had given birth to a son, and so he decided to start his life as a gentleman. He had also married Gertrude because she was so beautiful, and this was another thing society looked on – the appearance of a person. This is why in the beginning Rhoda Brook sends her son to spy on Farmer Lodge's newly wedded wife which we soon come to recognise as Gertrude. Rhoda Brook thus this because she wants to know if the woman Farmer Lodge has married is good looking and well off which she presumed as the sole reason for leaving her. This is mainly because society's nature was that they graded people for the way they looked, and accordingly, respect would be given to that the person. This can be proven by the quote, ‘And if she seems like a woman who has ever worked for a living, or one that has been always well of, and has never done anything, and shows marks of the lady on her, as I expect she do. ‘ This quote is about Rhoda Brook who is keen to know if Farmer Lodge ha left her for the class distinction. Also in the Victorian society, men married woman who were extremely young which is what Farmer Lodge did exactly. In ‘The Son's Veto', we see almost the same picture but based on the same idea of class distinction. Here, we see Sophy, a parlour maid who is in love with Sam, who is a gardener, and is of the lower class just like Sophy is. Sadly, Sophy, plays the hard to get behaviour which, is so common to Victorian behaviour, and when Sam proposes she stalls, and soon has a fight with him. Then comes along Reverend Twycott, who then notices Sophy as a ‘kitten-like flexuous, tender creature', and then after a series of events soon proposes to Sophy, and since she had fought with Sam, he was out of her mind, and so she agrees. The sad thing was that she did not truly love him, but she had immense respect and awe for him, ‘which almost amounted to veneration'. As the story unfolds, Hardy soon reveals that her trying to step out of her class was a big mistake as she was left unhappy with her life. Reverend Twycott on the other hand, knew that my marrying Sophy, he basically ‘committed social suicide' as society would totally not accept the marriage between to not social equals who were not of the same class. The quote to prove this is ‘their was a marriage-service at the communion rails, which hardly a soul knew of. Though this quote it is quite evident that no marriage guests were invited for the sole reason that society would not accept the idea of them being together, and would reject them which would soon make them outcasts. Also, this was because society would not understand a bit, as they always seemed to put no reason before what seemed like logic to them. In ‘The Withered Arm' , Farmer Lodge could not marry Rhoda Brook even if he wanted to as he too would be made an outcast in the eyes of society as he was no more a lower class just as Rhoda Brook was, but he was of the higher class and could only be with someone of the same class as he was. The irony in both of these stories is that in ‘The Withered Arm', Farmer Lodge truly loved Rhoda Brook, but could not marry her as society did not accept it and so he did not try fighting for their love. Whereas in ‘The Son's Veto', Sophy loved Sam very much and could have married him, but because of the fight between the two of them she chose respect for Reverend Twycott, over the love that Sam was offering her. Farmer Lodge infact, was much lower in class than Reverend Twycott was, and also, Rhoda Brook, Sophy and Sam were of the same class. Sophy in choosing Reverend Twycott as her husband who was of the higher class, over Sam who was of the same class as she was, made a terrible mistake as she soon learns that moving out of your class only brought unhappiness. This is because Sophy was never really happy because when Reverend Twycott died, she was left lonely, and she did not find the joy she had with Sam. This was because with Sam she could afford to be herself, that was a person of a lower class, whereas now in the eyes of society and her husband she had to pretend to be a ‘lady' which was the artificial her. This can be shown by the quote, ‘Sophy the woman was as charming a partner could possess, though Sophy the lady deficiencies. ‘ When ananlysing this quote, it makes a whole lot of sense as the real her that was a person of lower class, was a ‘woman' who was ‘as charming a partner could possess' that was she was a real nice person but in being a ‘lady' she had her ‘deficiencies', that was that although she tried to act like a lady, she never was a perfect one, as she was trying to be something she was not – a ‘lady'. We can also see how Hardy steps up Sophy from ‘woman' that was so pure and gentle, to a ‘lady' that wasn't perfect which in society's eyes was extremely bad. Thus by being with Sam, she could afford to be herself, whereas in the eyes if society she had to be a ‘lady'. Also we can see this through two more quotes: ‘and wither she would have gone back- O how gladly! – even to work in the fields. Through this quote it is quite evident that when she looks on her life in the past and what is now, she does not even mind a single bit and she would be glad to work in the fields, just to get back to the real person she was. The second quote to prove that moving out of one's class rarely brought happiness and satisfaction is, ‘She had occasionally thought of him, and wondered if life in a cottage with him would not have been a happier lot than the life she had accepted. Through this quote, it is quite evident that she feels a great sense of regret as there is great probability that she would have been better off with Sam and a happy life. In way her case is quite understandable as she might not have been accepted by many other people because of the class she was in, and this isolation can be seen in the beginning of the story when Hardy talks of the effort she put in every day to set her hair. This can be better understood by the quote, ‘One could not understand such weavings and coilings being wrought to last intact for a year, or even a calendar month but that they should be all demolished regularly at bedtime, after a single day of permanence, seemed a reckless waste of successful fabrication. ‘ Through this quote we can understand that she put in a great effort to design her hair, and Hardy makes it seem like a great work of art which only lasted till the end of the day. The reason why she did this can be seen through the quote, ‘She had no maid, and it was the only accomplishment she could boast of. From this we can see that she was not somebody great and she was of the lower class, and since she was not famous or anything, she wanted to be at least good at something, which explains why she ‘braided and twisted' her hair so that she would be recognised for at least something. In addition to this, Sophy hardly had any friends and she was always made ware of her deficiencies either by herself, or by her son who was ashamed and felt embarrassed of the fact that his mother was not a ‘lady'. About Sophy not having that many friends, that was because she was not in the real class she belonged to, and because she was not herself. This can be shown through the quote, ‘Sophy's mileu being a suburb of minor tradesmen and under clerks, and her almost only companions the two servants of her own house'. From this quote it is quite visible that she hardly interacted with anyone, and she was more of a quite and silent person being a ‘lady', and her stepping out of class had caused her be a person who kept contemplating on how her life might have been with Sam Hobson, the man she loved very much. Her son on the other hand was the result of the nature of society and by this, I mean that her son was a real snob who was very selfish and not concerned about anyone else but himself and he did not help his mother a bit as he made her aware of her deficiencies as a ‘lady', and did not love her a inch compared to the affection Sophy felt for her son, Randolph. This can be seen by two quotes, ‘Has, dear mother – not have! This quote is when Sophy uses improper English and when Randolph corrects her, he shouts at her, which is extremely rude, and Sophy does not say anything. Thus, we can see that Sophy was always aware that her main deficiency was in her use of language. The second quote is, ‘his mother, a child of nature herself, had loved in him; he was reducing their compass to a population of a few thousand wealthy and titled people. From this quote one can clearly understand that the love Sophy had for Randolph, her son, was pure, and she loved him with all her heart but he did not care or want to open his heart to her. Also it is evident that as Randolph grew up, he went farther away from his mother, and took the company of famous people as he wanted to establish himself as a real gentleman, and the cause of this was the nature of society that dictated that one would only be recognised for his appearance, class and his behaviour. The company of Randolph is so much in contrast to Sophy's, as she only had the company of ‘two servants. ‘ Thus, it is quite understandable that the sophistication society was looking for ended with Randolph becoming snobbish. This also brings to thought that if Farmer Lodge married Rhoda Brook, Rhoda would have been more or less in the same position as Sophy was, but the difference is that Rhoda is a much stronger character than Sophy is. This can be see through the way she handled Farmer Lodge's absence for Gertrude, and this is because she hid not cry or grieve over his departure, although she was quiet when milking the cows and she had a dream of Gertrude. Also, although she hated Gertrude for stealing Farmer Lodge she did not fail to accept Gertrude for her good qualities when she gave her son a pair of boots to wear and made adjustments with her feelings to be herself. Sophy on the other hand is extremely indecisive, as she does not know if she will stay in the Vicarage after the death of the reverend's first wife. Also, when Sam talks to Sophy about settling down together after the death of the reverend death she finds it so hard to first of all bring up the subject to her son, and when he fusses s much she finds it hard to show him who is the real one with authority and she fails in putting her needs first before her spoilt sons'. She does not seem to understand that her son is getting everything his way, and it is time for her to start to get a few things in her direction. Also society's nature was that appearance was always recognised and the person was respected for the way he or she looked. We see that older men always married younger women and this was common, and this can be seen in ‘The Withered Arm', when Farmer Lodge marries Gertrude, who is extremely young. This can be proven through the quote, ‘Years younger than he they say'. This is the comment one of the workers at the dairy make as they talk and gossip about Farmer Lodge's newly wedded wife. We can see the importance of appearance and this can be seen when Gertrude gets her withered arm, and when she soon feels that she would not have bothered about her arm so much had she not got a notion that she was being loved less by her husband. This can be further porved by the quote, ‘Men think so much of personal appearance'. Through this quote we can understand that she is dejected as her husband doesn't seem to be giving her the same attention as before. This all because society taught men to be aware of appearance and this certainly had its effect on Gertrude. She becomes sad and starts to crave for her husband's love and this can be seen by the quote, ‘and was secretly hoping against hope to win back his heart again by regaining at least some at least some of her personal beauty. This shows the real nature of society as men only married women of good appearance and not for the real reason – love for one another. We also see her sadness in the nature of society as their marriage was not based on love, but on things like appearance and class distinction. This can be seen in the short story, ‘The Withered Arm', where Gertrude feels distressed by the fact that Farmer Lodge is neglecting her because of her left arm which was withered, and this is why she says, ‘Is years of marriage, and only a few months of love. Here it is very evident that she is upset totally by the fact that she is being ignored, and loved less and the only conclusion to this is that, if society did not have men marry women based on their appearance, then the marriage would be real as the men would accept the women for who they were, and marry them even if they were not that good looking. Thus, it is quite obvious that marriage in Victorian times was not really based on love, and that love was totally not the condition or criteria but it was based on minor things like appearance and class distinction in society. This is clear as Farmer Lodge's marriage to Gertrude was not based on love, but her appearance and her position in society and so when her arm became withered, he neglected, ignored and gave her less attention and love compared to the time when her beauty was complete. As in ‘The Son's Veto', Sophy's marriage to Reverend Twycott was also not based on the condition or criteria of love but because she was full of awe and respect for him which amounted to ‘almost veneration'. Thus, both marriages in ‘The Withered Arm' and ‘The Son's Veto' were marriages of convenience and not for love for one another. For the women they were supposed to be frail, gentle, beautiful, and most of all they were supposed to be very young. We also see the life style of the lower class, in ‘The Withered Arm', where Rhoda Brook and the other milk men and women work at the dairy. We can see the simple life the lower class were subjected to and the rough work the lower class were faced with, and this can be seen in the two quotes, ‘It was an eighty – cow dairy, and the troop of milkers, regular and supplementary, were all at work', ‘The hour was six in the evening, and three – fourths of the large, red rectangular animals having been finished off'. From these quotes we can see the immense work these lower class people were faced with, and the fact that it was an ‘eighty – cow dairy', certainly proves that they had a lot of work to do and that there was a lot of milking to be done. This point can be proved by the quote, ‘The hour was six in the evening, and three – fourths of the large, red rectangular animals having been finished off'. Also, we can see that the class a person belonged to, could be notified by the mode of transport they used. This can be seen in ‘The Withered Arm' when Farmer Lodge uses the cart horse to bring his newly wedded wife, Gertrude, home. By using the cart- horse, as his method of transport, he shows clearly that he is of the high class society and by doing this, he not only is recognised for his position but he is also respected for having a wife who is extremely young and good looking. The fact that Farmer Lodge taking a ride in a cart horse was a big thing can be clearly understood by the description of the horse: ‘a handsome new gig, with a lemon coloured body and red wheels. ‘ From this quote it is clearly understood how to understand the class a person was in. Another major aspect of society was their superstitions, and the effects they had on people's character. Superstition is first introduced in ‘The Withered Arm', through the dream Rhoda Brook has, and how society made certain people victim of their superstition can be seen in Rhoda Brook, as she was made a victim of society's beliefs. This can be proven by the quote, ‘She knew that she had been slyly called a witch since her fall'. This quote is when Rhoda Brook begins to wonder if she did have powers after she had a dream of Gertrude where she hurts her and when she finds out that Gertrude really is, she begins to question. Here, we see society's unfairness in judging people wrongly, and making them doubt themselves about who they were. The impact of society on people can be seen when Gertrude finds out that her husband likes her less because of her withered arm, and because of that, she longs and craves for it, and tries many cures and she turns into a person who is superstitious as she is willing to believe any cure just to get her husband's attention and love back once more. Effect of society an its nature can be seen in ‘The Son's Veto', where Sophy's son Randolph, has turned into an entirely different person as he wants to be a pure gentleman, and so he takes the company of famous people, so as to make himself recognised in society and not caring a little about the fact that his mother is all alone. His change in character can be seen in the quote, ‘in her son's eyes – a mother whose mistakes and origin it was his painful lot as a gentleman to blush for. From this quote, it is clear that Sophy's son Randolph, felt that his mother's deficiency in use of language and being a ‘lady' was a flaw in society and he felt ashamed of having a mother who was not a part of society and he felt that this flaw of hers, degraded him in society. Also the dress worn by people indicated their class in society and this can be seen in both short stories. In ‘The Withered Arm', we see Farmer Lodge's clothes as ‘his great golden seals hung like a lord's;' while Gertrude wore ‘a white bonnet and a silver coloured gownd. ‘ From these quotes, one can understand that the way they dressed, was with so much sophistication and this clearly showed their position in society. ‘ In ‘The Son's Veto', we see how the clothes worn displayed one's position in society. This can be seen by the quote, ‘the shape of whose hat and jacket implied that he belonged to a well – known public school. From this quote it is understood that from the clothes Randolph wore, he was acknowledged as a boy who was of the high class and so it could be easily understood that he ‘belonged' to one of the most expensive and famous. Unfairness in society can be seen in the ‘Withered Arm', when people are said to be hung for minor things like, ‘horse stealing, arson, and burglary', and sometimes not for the genuine reason of committing a crime, but so that an example would be set for society so as to not to make the same mistake. This can be proven by the quote, ‘they are obliged to make an example of him, there having been so much destruction of property that way lately. ‘ The unjust nature of society is again seen in ‘The Withered Arm', when Gertrude finds it hard to go to jail so that she could touch the back of the neck of a person hanged because women were not allowed in unless they had the company of a man and this shows the biased nature of society. This can be seen by the quote, ‘but what means she should adopt for obtaining admission to the jail. Thus, all I can finally say is that both stories were tragic in their own way, all because a few characters went a little higher in society. In ‘The Withered Arm', Farmer Lodge went higher in society and left his original wife, Rhoda Brook whom he had a son with, and married Gertrude who died trying to get her arm healed as Farmer Lodge married her because of her appearance and so he was left with neither Gertrude or Rhoda Brook . In ‘The Son's Veto' Sophy married Reverend Twycott because she had respect for him and not because she loved him, although she did really love ‘Sam Hobson', and when the Reverend died, she was left alone and longed for Sam's love but it did not happen because she was indecisive, and as she could not tell her son that she had to move on with her life whether or not he liked it.

The Forbidden Romantic Love Between Romeo And Juliet Essay

The forbidden romantic love between Romeo and Juliet. By Ashleigh Moseley. Year 10 English: Mrs Shaw. For this anthology about love I have chosen, and mainly centred around the topic of love that is forbidden. With this type of love, comes many struggles and questions that I’m sure must go through the minds of people in this situation. This is what happens with Romeo and Juliet in the Play written by William Shakespeare in 1591. It will be a romance that will strongly challenge them, but as we see it will not break the bond of love they have for each other. In this task I will try to describe the pain, happiness, frustration, forgiveness, anger, and joy through a collection of shorts texts that come with the topic of persecuted, and forbidden love. Author unknown. Juliet is willing to love Romeo no matter what. I think that this short poem describes the nature of their love very well. This is how they think, act and live out their love for each other. 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For instance, there is a belief that the everlastingly romantic tale of Romeo and Juliet is unambiguously a tragedy, just as A Midsummer Night’s Dream is undoubtedly a comedy. Each possesses separate, defining, characteristics which drastically alter the storyline of a play, and develop the end into either one of comedic proportion: in which there is the promise of